"Ipaglaban mo nang puspusan ang pananampalataya. Panghawakan mong mabuti ang buhay na walang hanggan, dahil diyan ka tinawag ng Diyos nang ipahayag mo sa harap ng maraming saksi ang iyong pananalig kay Cristo." I Tim. 6:12
Showing posts with label Chapels. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Chapels. Show all posts

April 2, 2013

Ang arkitektura ng Iglesia ni Cristo

ISANG KILALANG MANUNULAT na Aleman ang minsa’y nagsabi na ang arkitektura ay namuong musika o frozen music. 

Ibig ipahiwatig ng kaniyang pangungusap na ang mga hugis, linya, laki at estilo ay nakipagdudulot ng kagandahan sa arkitektura katulad ng idinudulot ng himig, kaanyuan, takbo at damdamin ng musika.
 

Naipahahayag ng arkitektura nang higit kaysa alinmang anyo ng sining ang diwa ng isang kabihasnan. Dahil ditto, mayroong mga kilalang estilo na nakakapit sa mga tiyak na panahon tulad ng Byzantine, Gothic, Romnesque na madaling makilala kaysa mga kakaibang estilong Asyano, pagano o makabagong arkitektura.

Ang diwa at iba’t ibang simulain ng bawat panahon ay nakatatak sa kaniyang arkitektura na siyang nagbibigay ng tatak sa bawat kapanahunan, ng bakas sa kaisipan at saloobin sa pinagdaanan.


Mula sa payak na disenyo ng bahay-kubo, ang arkitekturang Pilipino ngayon ay nahaluan na ng impluwensyang kanluranin gaya ng nakikitang anyo ng malalaki at matataas na gusali o skyscrapers. May mangilan-ngilan pa ring nakikitang mga bahay-Katila o bahay na tisa ng mga nakaririwasang Pilipino noong bago magkadigma na nangungusap naman ng kaniyang sariling kapanahunan.


Dahil sa pagpasok ng iba’t ibang impluwensyang banyaga sa kaisipan at simulaing Pilipino, halos mahirap nang tukuyin kung alin o ano ang tunay na arkitekturang Pilipino.


Gayunpaman, ang kakaiba at orihinal na arkitektura ng Iglesia ni Cristo ay madaling makilala. Mula sa Aparri hanggang Jolo at hanggang sa ibayo ng dagat Pacifico, ang mga bahay-sambahan ng Iglesia ni Cristo na lalong kilala sa tawag na kapilya, ay nagbibigay ng namumukod na tatak sa tanawing pambansa. Kasinliit man ng munting kapilya o kasinlaki ng katedral, naikapit na a mga gusaling ito ang katawagang kapilya.

Ang laki ng kapilya ng alinmang local ay kadalasang batay sa dami ng kaanib nito at sa bilang ng mga oras ng pagsamba dito. Ito ang dahilan kung bakit karaniwan nan gang mga bahay-sambahan sa mga lunsod at mga kapitolyo ng mga lalawigan ay lalong malalaki kaysa doon sa mga nasa paligid ng kalunsuran.


Malaki man o maliit, naroroong palagi ang mga palatandaang anyo – ang mga tore, mga habong at iba’t ibang palamuti na gawa sa mga hugis na geometriko. Ang pagkakahawig ng harap ng mga kapilya ay madaling makilala, gayunman, ang disenyo ng isa ay hindi kailanman inuulit sa iba.


Ang malimit na paggamit ng mga tulis ng tore, tilos at ispaik ay hindi walang kabuluhan sa paningin. Bahagi ito ng disenyo hindi bilang dekorasyon lamang, kundi upang maging kongkretong inspirasyon na umaakay sa mga mata upang tumingala sa itaas, sa sangkalangitan, sa Manlalalang.


Ang payak na looban ng kapilya ay ibinigay sa diwa ng pagsamba ng Iglesia ni Cristo. Sapagkat ang pinakamahalagang bahagi ng pagsamba ay ang pangangaral ng mga salita ng Diyos, ang pinakatampok na bahagi ng kapilya ay ang tribuna. Sa likod ng tribuna ay ang hanay ng mga upuan para sa ministro at mga pangulong diakono na mangangasiwa ng pagsamba. Sa gawing likuran pa nito ay makikita ang koro na siyang nilulugaran ng mga mang-aawit.


Ang kongregasyon ay nakaupo na paharap sa tribuna at nakabukod ang hanay ng mga babae sa lalake. Sa dahilang ang kapilya ng Iglesia ni Cristo ay dakong pinagtitipunan ng mga hinirang upang makipagtipan sa Panginoon, ang pangkalahatang kaayusan nito’y rectangular at naglalaman ng mga upuang sapat para sa kongregasyon.


Walang gaanong palamuti sa mga dingding at kisame maliban sa ilang inukit, minolde at kinorteng kahoy, kongkreto o kinulayang materyales sa iba’t ibang hubog na geometriko. Maging ang mga aranya na ang laki at estilo ay batay sa laki ng kapilya ay naroroon upang magbigay ng liwanag at hindi upang maging pang-adorno lamang.


Karamihan sa mga kapilya ay may balcony upang mapaglaanan ang lumalaking kongregasyon. Binubuo ito ng mga hanay ng upuan na ang lawak ay halos sa ikaapat na bahagi ng kabuuang floor plan.


Isa pang mahalagang bahagi ng ibang kapilya ang bautisteryo. Karaniwang matatagpuan sa ilalim ng koro, magkahiwalay ang bautisteryo para sa babae at sa lalake. Ang habong sa harapan ng kapilya, bukod sa pagiging proteksyon sa init at ulan ay lumalarawan sa isang nakaunat na kamay na nag-aanyaya sa pagpasok sa kapilya.


Maraming nagbibigay ng pansin sa arkitektura ng Iglesia ni Cristo. Sinasabi ng ilan na dimumano, ito’y nagbibigay anyo sa tipikal na simbahang Gotiko. Ang sabi naman ng iba, ito raw ay mala-Baroque, samantalang ang iba naman ay nagsasabing may hawig sa moske ng Islam ang disenyo ng kapilya. Isang kritiko ang nagsabing ang paulit-ulit na paggamit ng mga tulis at tilos ay nagbibigay ng impresyon ng maraming tandang pasukdol sa langit.
Sa kaayusan at layunin, ang mga kapilya ngayon ay katulad pa rin ng disenyo ng mga naunang kapilya. Ang mga istrukturang kawayan ba binubungan ng pawid noong humigit-kumulang 1920 at ang mga gusaling kahoy noong bago magkadigma ay nagpahiwatig na pagkakakilanlan sa arkitektura ng Igleisa. 


Isinunod din sa disenyong ito ang mga kapilyang ipinatayo pagkatapos ng digmaan na yari sa kahoy at kongkreto. Ang kauna-unahang kongkretong kapilya ng Iglesia ni Cristo ay naitayo noong 1947 sa daang Washington, Sampaloc, Maynila na hanggang ngayon ay nakatayo pa sa kaniyang orihinal na pagkakayari. Ang malaking tore nito ay kawawig ng mga tore sa mga bagong bahay-sambahan.
Ang unang dekada ng pagpapatayo ng mga kapilya (1954-1964) ay nakilala sa pamamagitan ng mga malalambot at mahihinhing bagay tulad ng tinatawag na cusps, trefoils, quarterfoils at oak leaves.


Lalong inistiluhan ang mga tore noong ikalawang dekada ng pagtatayo ng kapilya (1964-1974). Ang mabilis na pagdami ng mga kaanib ay nakaimpluwensiya sa panahong ito sa pagpapatayo ng lalong malalaking bahay sambahan. Dito’y nagging malawak ang paggamit ng disenyong geometrical gaya ng diamond frets, chained rosettes at interlocking trapezoidal arches bilang palamuti.


Nagsara ang ikalawang dekada ng pagpapatayo ng Tanggapang Pangkalahatan ng Iglesia ni Cristo sa Diliman, lunsod ng Quezon.


Bagamat ang gusali ay ipinatayo sa layuning pampangasiwaan, sa disenyo nito ay nababanaagan pa rin ang kayarian ng kapilya. Malaya ring ginamit ang mga arko, sa kulay na nagniningning na kaputian at nanghahalinang façade.


Pinagsanib ng ikatlong dekada ng pagtatayo ng kapilya (1974-1984) ang mga istilo ng una at ikalawang dekada sa paggamit ng mga patayong linya (vertical lines) sa interior ng mga kapilya na unti-unting humalili sa mga cusps at trefoils. Ang pagkakatayo ng Templo Central sa bakuran ng Tanggapang Pangkalahatan noong 1982-1984 ang siyang nagsara sa ikatlong dekada ng pagtatayong bahay sambahan.


Ang teknolohiya, mga materyales na ginagamit, maging ang panlasang pansining ay maaaring magbago, subalit ang pagsisikap ng Iglesia ni Cristo at ang layunin ng pagpapatayo ng mga bahay-sambahan ay magpapatuloy hanggang sa matawag ng Diyos ang kahuli-hulihan sa Kaniyang mga anak.


 Source: Pasugo March-April 1986 skyscrapercity.com 

July 23, 2012

House of prayer turned market

ADD Convention Center




Roman Catholic Cathedral in the Philippines






"When it was almost time for the Jewish Passover, Jesus went up to Jerusalem. In the temple courts he found people selling cattle, sheep and doves, and others sitting at tables exchanging money. So he made a whip out of cords, and drove all from the temple courts, both sheep and cattle; he scattered the coins of the money changers and overturned their tables. To those who sold doves he said, “Get these out of here! Stop turning my Father’s house into a market!” John 2:13-16


Jesus went into the Temple area. He threw out all those who were selling and buying things there. He turned over the tables that belonged to those who were exchanging different kinds of money. And he turned over the benches of those who were selling doves. Jesus said to them, “The Scriptures say, ‘My Temple will be called a house of prayer.’ But you are changing it into a ‘hiding place for thieves.’” Matthew 21:12-13

January 3, 2012

Architectural design of INC chapels copied from Mormons?





INC critics say that the architectural design of the INC chapels are copied from the LDS church.

IS THIS TRUE?

We will answer that later.


It is true that architectural design of the INC chapels have similarities not only with the chapels of the LDS church but also to other churches like chapels of Roman Catholic Church.

How is this happen???

On answering this, we should first know what kind of architectural design is in the chapels of the INC.

I dont know what is exactly the kind of arch. design of INC chapels, but as what it is described by people, here is what they say:

as structures "which employ exterior neo-Gothic vertical support columns with tall narrow windows between, interlocking trapezoids, and rosette motifs, as well as tower and spires." -Culture and customs of the Philippines, a book published by Greenwood Publishing Group


INC churches can be uniquely identified for "its exuberant use of fanciful forms and ornaments [and a] brilliant white facade whose silhouette is a cusped Gothic arch or a flattened Saracenic arch." -Fernando Nakpil-Zialcita, an anthropologist from Ateneo de Manila University

Central Temple characterized by simples, elegant lines and towering spires pointing toward the heavens and seemingly reaching for the heavens, these structure manifest the church’s dedication to building edifices and become landmark that serve as a monument of faith. Central Temple uniquely designed which inspired by Neo-Gothic architecture, these mega structure continues to leave one awestruck by its imposing brilliance and un-ignorable majesty. The temple has strong five huge and ten small towering vertical spires with a sense of great height, huge size of cantilever in main entrance hall, detailed curving and asymmetrical windows, while inside it built with one huge arch vault and addition of two arc vault smaller than to its center ceiling covered the place of offerings and worshipping area.

Furthermore, it has balcony for further extension to address large number of people were faced the front choir area beside of it is called “tribuna” which is the placed where Ministers stand while preaching, it usually made of hardwood with a consistent and detailed curving. The Temple also have offices of District Ministers inside. Since its completion and dedication to God, the Central Temple today remains as beautiful and magnificent as ever, well-preserved trough the years. For almost 3 decades the Temple has borne witness to various groundbreaking events in recent church history. -Elmer Briginia


INC chapels are built distinct, unique, great, and modern which has some NEO-GOTHIC STYLE. These are the words on how they describe architectural design of INC chapels and the Central Temple.

On our Highschool days, we are taught about the different architectural designs of structures, like Neo-gothic, Gothic, Romanesque, Greek, Baroque and so on...

Different churches around the world has their own architectural design:

Like the St. Peter's Basilica in Vatican of the Catholic Church is said to have the Renaissance and Baroque architectural style.




The Canterbury Cathedral of Church of England is said to be an example of Gothic Architecture.



Want more? Click here.


Incidentally, the Architectural design of one of the chapels of the LDS church, which is the Salt Lake Temple have Gothic mixed with diff. classical styles.




Want more? Click here.


This is an example of Neo-Gothic design:




source: about.com

Saying the the INC copied the architectural design of the LDS church only because both has gothic and neo-gothic designs, is called IGNORANCE. And if you still insist that the INC copied it from the Mormons, then i also insist that the Arch. design of Mosques of Islam are copied from the Catholic Church since CC existed first before Islam. And the Catholic Church arch. design are copied from the Hinduism since Hinduism existed first before CC.


A Mosque


Basilica of St. Mary of Health



A Hindu Temple



Going back to INC's architectural design...


Who are the key people of the INC's unique arch. design?


"Recent buildings are variations of Carlos A. Santos-Viola's designs on the Central Temple. These are designed to accommodate 250 to 1,000 persons while larger churches in Metro Manila and provincial capitals can accommodate up to 3,000 persons. Prominent architects, such as Juan Nakpil (a National Artist of the Philippines for architecture) and Carlos Raúl Villanueva, had been involved in designing INC churches while the Engineering and Construction Department of INC, established in 1971, oversees the uniformity in design of church buildings." source: wikipedia


What are the contribution of Carlos Santos-Viola?

"One of his most well known clients was the Christian evangelical group Iglesia ni Cristo (INC). Although his first exposure to them (through the San Juan Bishop's Palace) was executed under Juan Nakpil & Associate, INC gave the second project (Cubao chapel or "kapilya") to Arch. Santos-Viola that initiated a long lasting work relationship building kapilyas all over the Philippines through excellent craftsmanship.

His strict construction supervision of the INC's skilled workers greatly influenced the final outcome of his projects. The Master valued strict attention to detail that was emphasized prior to, during and after each every construction. His designs were primarily based on functionality that was built with integrity, adorned with 20th Century geometric forms garnished with Gothic and Baroque lines.

Arch. Santos-Viola was a devout Catholic throughout his entire life. He served as a Eucharistic Lay Minister for his parish, Our Lady of Lourdes Church. The INC never ceased persuading him to join their group through endless but friendly debates after their work meetings." source: architectcarlossantos-viola.blogspot.com


Who conceptualized INC chapels?


1962
Establishment of an ecclesiastical district in Zamboanga del Sur-Pagadian.

The Church continued to construct concrete and large houses of worship with the unique INC architectural design, which was conceptualized by Brother Felix himself. Before he passed away, he approved and instructed the plan to build the worship building of Bago Bantay in Quezon City, Philippines.

On his sickbed, Brother Felix sent for his grandson, Brother Eduardo, and placed his hands over the child’s head and blessed him in front of several witnesses. source: Pasugo Issue May 2011


Different INC's architectural Design on Houses of Worship in the Philippines
The INC chapel's exterior and interior designs evolves as time goes by...


First concrete house of Worship in INC's history:
Locale of Washington, Sampaloc manila (repainted)


Second concrete house of Worship in INC's history:
Locale of F. manalo, Riverside San Juan Manila


Other Houses of Worship...





Locale of Cabanatuan


Locale of Cavite


Locale of Baguio




Modern Houses of Worship...


Locale of Gibraltar, Benguet


Locale of Concepcion, Marikina



And lastly, to where i was really amazed,
Locale of Pembo, Makati


Are INC chapels scary because of spires?

Its funny to hear stories on how nonmembers describe and give meaning to the spires on INC chapels, others say its for the chapels fly upwards to heaven on the last days or the chapels will be like spaceships that will fly to heaven on the last days. While others say those spires are missiles that means war, that will attack non INC members someday. Very Funny hahaha

If it is the case, then most churches around the world with spires, may it be of islam, catholic church, hinduism, and so on, all chapels that has spires, will also fly to heaven like these: